World turns blind eye as 9m children die

The number of deaths of young children in developing countries has fallen but global targets will be missed if developing countries do not focus on helping the poorest communities, Save the Children said.

International Development Secretary Andrew Mitchell said it was a "global scandal" that children were dying at a rate of one every three seconds.

He promised Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg would push for action at a gathering in New York this month where world leaders will discuss progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

Some nine million children a year are still dying "preventable deaths" often because of malnutrition and a lack of basic healthcare. But the toll has been made worse by the trend of "tackling the low hanging fruit", with many countries guilty of helping richer communities because it is "more convenient", according to the report, A Fair Chance of Life.

The target set for MDG4 was to reduce the number of deaths of under fives by two-thirds, but so far child morality has been reduced by just 28 per cent since 1990.

Jasmine Whitbread, Save the Children International's chief executive, said: "It is a disgrace that some countries are 'ticking a box' on child mortality without ensuring that the poorest and most vulnerable children benefit equally. Nearly nine million children under the age of five die every year - many of them from easily preventable or treatable illnesses - just because they can't get to a doctor or because their parents can't afford food that is nutritious enough to keep them alive.

"Yet many governments are turning a blind eye to these deaths simply because it is easier or more convenient to help children from better-off groups."

High rates of death and malnutrition among children can create a "vicious cycle of poverty and vulnerability", with sick children often paying a "life-long and irreversible price", the charity said.

India provides one example of a country where the death rate reflects "extreme" inequalities in society.

While only one in 25 children from the richest communities will die before the age of five, the rate increases to one in nine among the poorest families, according to the report.

But the charity praised the approach of countries such as Ghana, which has focused on the poor and managed to cut the overall mortality rate from one in eight in 1993 to one in 12 in 2008.

Save the Children said a fairer approach could have prevented an extra 323,000 deaths in Pakistan, 260,000 deaths in Ethiopia, 892,000 deaths in Nigeria and 179,000 deaths in Tanzania over ten years.

Ms Whitbread continued: "This is a battle we can win.Even countries with very low incomes can save thousands of lives by making political choices that make sure the poorest families get the help they need.

"But we need world leaders to agree a concrete plan for the next five years that prioritises and protects the world's poorest and most vulnerable children.

"World leaders have a make-or-break opportunity when they meet in New York later this month to get this plan in place."

CASE STUDY

Zainabu Jafari's newborn twins are four days old but yet to be named.

In Tanzania, a country where more than one in ten of the poorest children die before celebrating their fifth birthday, it is safer to wait a while.

The boy weighed in at only 1.95kg when he was delivered four days ago. The girl was a healthier 2.7kg. Any child under 2.5kg is at risk, and 2kg is a critical threshold.

Zainabu, 41, now has nine children. "I was expecting one baby and now I have two," she said. "I don't know what to do. I can't afford to provide for them."

Save the Children country director Rachel Pounds said: "It doesn't take a massive amount of money to save those children.

"If the government's budget was focused specifically on those newborns in the first six weeks of life, the country could reach the goal of reducing child mortality by two thirds by 2015."