Following a call with European Commission vice-president Maros Sefcovic, a Foreign Office spokesman said Ms Truss made clear that the UK’s “overriding priority” is to protect peace and stability in Northern Ireland.

She told Mr Sefcovic the protocol has become “the greatest obstacle” to forming a new Northern Ireland Executive.

Following last week’s elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly, the DUP is refusing to enter into a new powersharing administration with Sinn Fein unless there are significant changes to the protocol which governs post-Brexit trading arrangements.

Foreign Secretary Liz Truss leaving 10 Downing Street, London, following a Cabinet meeting.

However, according to the Foreign Office readout of the call, Mr Sefcovic again insisted that there is “no room to expand the EU negotiating mandate or introduce new proposals to reduce the overall level of trade friction”.

The spokesman said: “The Foreign Secretary noted this with regret and said the situation in Northern Ireland is a matter of internal peace and security for the United Kingdom, and if the EU would not show the requisite flexibility to help solve those issues, then, as a responsible Government, we would have no choice but to act.”

The latest row came as months of tensions over the working of the protocol – which forms part of the UK’s Withdrawal Agreement with the EU – appear to be coming to a head.

Under its terms, the UK is required to impose checks on some goods crossing from Great Britain to Northern Ireland in order to maintain an open border with the Republic while protecting the EU single market.

However the Government has complained that the way it is being implemented is imposing a huge burden on businesses in Northern Ireland while leading to a renewal of sectarian tensions.

Ministers have repeatedly warned that they could unilaterally suspend the arrangements unless the EU agrees to major changes to reduce the impact.

However that risks provoking an all-out trade war with Brussels at a time when the whole country is struggling with a cost-of-living crisis.

According to The Times, Attorney General Suella Braverman has issued legal advice that the UK could act because the EU’s implementation of the agreement was “disproportionate and unreasonable”.

Ministers have said they could trigger Article 16 of the protocol – which allows either side to suspend some of the arrangements – while it has also been reported that they could bring in emergency legislation.

Mr Sefcovic described the UK’s threat to go it alone on suspending elements of the Brexit agreement as “simply not acceptable”.

Urging Britain to “uphold the rule of law and live up to international obligations”, he said London’s stance could damage Northern Ireland’s peace deal.

Northern Ireland Protocol: Boris Johnson's decision to pick a fight with EU is a...

In a statement, he said: “It continues to be of serious concern that the UK Government intends to embark on the path of unilateral action.

“This would undermine trust between the EU and UK as well as compromise our ultimate objective – to protect the Good Friday (Belfast) Agreement in all its dimensions, while ensuring legal certainty and predictability for the people and businesses in Northern Ireland.

“Such unilateral action will also undermine the conditions which are essential for Northern Ireland to continue to have access to the EU single market for goods.”

Irish Foreign Affairs Minister Simon Coveney insisted on Thursday that Brussels still wants “compromise”.

But he warned: “Clearly, if the UK breaches international law, if it undermines a protocol that is about protecting the integrity of the EU single market, then the EU can’t ignore that.”

He told RTE radio that there is still a “landing zone” for an agreement between the two sides.

“We’re not going to do it under the threat of British Government’s language and briefing of the media which says if the EU doesn’t give us everything we want, well, then we’re going to legislate ourselves to override international law,” he said.

Unilateral action by the UK also risks provoking a row with the US where President Joe Biden has made clear his concern over any measure that could undermine the Good Friday peace agreement.

Northern Ireland protocol: Liz Truss in new warning to Brussels over Northern Ireland Protocol