Human guinea pigs
A recent Nuffield report, "The Ethics of Research Involving Animals", regarding a hypothetical past without animal experiments, said: "There may have been other options which could have produced acceptable levels of knowledge and healthcare ... It is conceivable that equally good or better progress might have been achieved with other methods ... It is sometimes assumed that to end animal research would be to end scientific and medical progress, but such generalisation is unhelpful."
Adverse reactions to (animal safety tested) drugs are now the fourth leading cause of death, after cancer, heart disease and stroke. The first humans to use a drug/procedure are the real guinea pigs.
GILLIAN D RUSSELL
Pinewood Avenue
Aberdeen