Norway: Calculating killer wanted an anti-Muslim revolution

The chilling insight into the mind of Anders Breivik emerged in a hate-filled "manifesto" he published hours before Friday's attacks.

The revelation came as memorial services were held yesterday across the country, which is reeling from its worst peace-time violence.

Police, meanwhile, admitted an officer should have been on the island of Utoya, where Breivik went on a 90-minute shooting spree on Friday. They also said Breivik still had a lot of ammunition left when he surrendered, two minutes after officers finally arrived.

The chief surgeon at a hospital treating victims of the island massacre said the killer used special bullets designed to disintegrate inside the body and cause maximum internal damage.

The Utoya death toll increased to 86 yesterday, after one of the injured victims died in hospital. A further seven people were killed after a bomb exploded in central Oslo, and another 97 were injured in the attacks.

Breivik is due in court today, and his lawyer said he wanted to "explain himself". Geir Lippestad also said his client had written the 1,500-page manifesto alone.

In the document, Breivik, 32, cast himself as a medieval-style Christian crusader against Muslim immigration.

He vowed revenge by "indigenous Europeans" for the "treasonous acts" committed by European governments, which had allowed this to happen. Breivik's deluded fantasy world was laid bare in a video in which the self-styled "Justicular Knight" urged followers to "embrace martyrdom".

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Security officials are investigating claims he helped found a "new Knights Templar" in London nine years ago, a reference to the medieval order created to protect Christian pilgrims in the Holy Land after the First Crusade.

Breivik said two of the founding members were British, while one each came from France, Germany, the Netherlands, Greece, Russia, Norway and Serbia. He wrote: "The order is to serve as an armed Indigenous Rights Organisation and as a Crusader Movement (anti-Jihad movement)."

His manifesto stated: "Once you decide to strike, it is better to kill too many than not enough, or you risk reducing the desired ideological impact of the strike.

"In order to successfully penetrate the cultural Marxist/multiculturalist media censorship, we are forced to employ significantly more brutal and breathtaking operations, which will result in casualties."

In an accompanying 12-minute video, posted on YouTube but since removed, Breivik posed in a variety of outfits, including in a wetsuit brandishing an automatic weapon, a gas mask and suit, a dress military uniform complete with medals and skull insignia, and a freemason's uniform.

Entitled Knights Templar 2083, the video includes Breivik calling for conservatives to "embrace martyrdom".It depicts imagery accusing the Left in Europe of allowing Muslims to overrun the continent - the BBC's logo is shown with the "C" changed to an Islamic crescent.

Mr Lippestad said: "He has said that he believed the actions were atrocious, but that in his head they were necessary. He wanted a change in society and, from his perspective, he needed to force through a revolution.

"He wished to attack society and the structure of society."

Police were investigating reports of a second assailant on Utoya on Friday, but Mr Lippestad said Breivik claimed to have acted alone.

Sveinung Sponheim, Oslo's police chief, said: "He has admitted to the facts of both the bombing and the shooting, although he's not admitting criminal guilt."

The manifesto was called 2083 - A European Declaration of Independence. It is a reference to the year - two centuries after the death of Karl Marx - that Breivik claimed uprisings would engulf Europe. It said: "We, the free indigenous peoples of Europe, hereby declare a pre-emptive war on all cultural Marxist/multiculturalist elites of Western Europe. We are in the process of flagging every single multiculturalist traitor in Western Europe. You will be punished for your treasonous acts against Europe and Europeans."

Security officials said they were aware of increased internet chatter from people claiming to be in the Knights Templar group. They were still investigating claims Breivik and others attended a London meeting in 2002.