Brain chip may offer an end to paralysis

British engineers are developing the technology, which employs tiny microchips to sense nerve messages, decode the signals, and turn thought into movement.

They hope within five years to be offering patients with damaged spinal cords robotic devices that will enable them to move their arms or legs at will.

Spinal cord injuries cause paralysis by severing the connection between brain and limb.

Professor Rodrigo Quian Quiroga, heading a University of Leicester team working on the project, explained such patients retained the ability to "think" commands from the brain.

He told the Engineer magazine: "The guy can see the object he wants to reach, the guy can have the intention to reach to the object, the brain can send a command to the arm — 'reach for this cup of tea' — but the signal gets broken at the level of the spinal cord.

"If we can get the signals from these neurons and interpret them with what is called decoding algorithms, then we can move a robot device placed on the paralysed arm."

Much of the technology was already available, he said. Scientists have demonstrated "mind-reading" chips implanted into the brains of monkeys that can operate robot arms or move a cursor on a computer screen.

However none of these systems has involved wireless technology. Instead, a wire has been inserted through a hole drilled in the animal's skull. Transmitting information wirelessly from a brain chip is much more difficult because of the sheer amount of data.

A more ambitious idea is to replace the broken connection to the limb with an artificial link.

The brain chip would then send signals to an implanted stimulator in the spinal cord. This would generate electrical impulses to make muscles contract and move paralysed limbs.

But in the short term, a robotic system is seen as more practical.