McEwan, not normally considered a comic writer, was nominated for Solar, which tackles the issue of climate change. Critics have praised the book as "a comedy every bit as brilliant as its title might suggest".
The other nominees are Paul Murray (Skippy Dies), Tiffany Murray (Diamond Star Halo), David Nicholls (One Day) and Malcolm Pryce (From Aberystwyth With Love). The winner will be announced in May.