South Sudan rebels ‘forcing civilians to march’

A wounded child sits with a relative after receiving treatment at Malakal Hospital. Picture: AFP

The fighting highlighted the challenge facing African mediators as they try to nudge two rivals – president Salva Kiir and ousted vice-president Riek Machar – towards the negotiating table after more than two weeks of bloody violence in the world’s newest country.

South Sudan has been plagued by ethnic tension and a power struggle within the ruling party that escalated after Mr Kiir dismissed Mr Machar as his vice-president in July, with the violence boiling over in mid-December. The rebels back Mr Machar, who is now a fugitive sought by the military.

Rebels currently hold Bor, the capital of the key oil-producing state of Jonglei that is seeing some of the fiercest fighting of the conflict. Military spokesman Colonel Philip Aguer said the central government had sent in reinforcements from Juba, the capital. He said rebels were arming reluctant civilians as they focus on their next target – Juba.

He added: “Juba, that is their intention. They are trying to march to Juba. The [South Sudanese military] will return them to where they came from.”

It was not possible to independently verify Col Aguer’s account.

The fighting has overshadowed efforts in Ethiopia, which is playing a leading role in trying to extract a ceasefire deal from both sides.

In Addis Ababa, the Ethiopian capital, African mediators under the banner of a regional bloc met representatives for both sides, briefing them separately ahead of the official start of direct talks.

Face-to-face meetings between the two groups were not expected to start until later in the week. One delegate from Mr Machar’s side said he believed the first direct meetings would begin tomorrow.

The United Nations and the African Union have said they support the efforts by East African leaders to broker peace in South Sudan.

On Wednesday, Mr Kiir declared a state of emergency in the states of Jonglei and Unity, where rebels also control the capital.

The fighting has exposed ethnic rivalry between the country’s two largest ethnic groups, Mr Kiir’s Dinka and Mr Machar’s Nuer. The UN said there is mounting evidence that people were targeted for their ethnicity.

More than 1,000 people have been killed and nearly 200,000 displaced by violence.

Mr Kiir said the fighting was sparked by a coup attempt mounted by soldiers loyal to Mr Machar on 15 December in Juba.

But that account has been disputed by some officials from the ruling party, who said the violence began when presidential guards tried to disarm their Nuer colleagues. From there, violence spread across the country, with forces loyal to Mr Machar defecting and seizing territory from loyalist forces.

South Sudan’s government said in Twitter updates yesterday that the military had formed committees to “investigate those involved in killing people”, as well as the fight among presidential guards. It also said “criminals” accused of looting from civilians had been arrested.

Mr Machar has criticised Mr Kiir as a dictator and says he will contest the 2015 presidential election.

South Sudan peacefully broke away from Sudan in 2011 following a 2005 peace deal. Before that, the south fought decades of war with Sudan.