Shinzo Abe heading for a landslide victory in Japan

Shinzo Abe keeps track of votes at his Tokyo headquarters. Picture: Reuters

Media projections, based on exit polls, showed the ruling Liberal Democratic Party easily retaining its majority in the House of Representatives. Exit polls have been reliable predictors of the final results in past Japanese elections.

The Liberal Democrats, a conservative party that has been in power for most of the post Second World War era, appeared to have fallen short of securing a two-thirds majority on their own, but may have done so together with their coalition partner, the Buddhist-backed Komei party.

In early returns, the two parties had already won 278 seats in the 475-seat lower house, according to national broadcaster NHK.

A big victory could help Mr Abe pursue his agenda, including economic reforms, restarting nuclear plants and his long-term goal of revising Japan’s constitution. But opposition from vested interests and some of the public could still stymie his plans.

Mr Abe, who took office two years ago, called yesterday’s snap election last month, saying he wanted a fresh mandate for his economic revitalisation programme, known as Abenomics.

Share prices have risen and many companies have reported record profits, but the recovery has faltered in recent months, with the country returning to recession after a sales tax hike lowered demand among consumers and businesses. “I believe this shows that voters gave the Abe administration a positive evaluation over the past two years,” said finance minister Taro Aso, who retained his seat in parliament. “Abenomics is still halfway through, and I feel a strong sense of responsibility to push it further.”

The election was seen as less of a verdict on Mr Abe’s policies than evidence of the ruling party’s growing power. Despite weakening popularity ratings, a recession and campaign finance scandals, the Liberal Democrats were almost certain to triumph thanks to voter apathy and a weak opposition in the form of the Democratic Party of Japan.

The party held power from 2009-12, but its popularity plunged after it failed to deliver on campaign pledges and struggled in the aftermath of the 2011 earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disasters.

“I think Mr Abe is the only choice we have,” voter Hiroshi Yamada said as he came out of a Tokyo polling station.

Mr Abe’s agenda includes trying to carry out economic reforms and secure a trans-Pacific trade agreement, both of which face stiff opposition from the farming lobby, amongst others.

He also hopes to begin restarting some of the nation’s nuclear power plants, despite continued public concern after the meltdowns at the Fukushima Dai-ichi plant in 2011.

Another thorny issue will be legislation needed to expand Japan’s military role, an important consideration for the US, which wants Japan to play a bigger part in their alliance.

Two hours before polls closed, voter turnout was 35 per cent, 6.8 percentage points lower than the same time in the previous lower house election in 2012, the Internal Affairs Ministry said.

Many voters said they were perplexed over Mr Abe’s decision to call an election.

“I think two years is too soon to decide whether his policy failed or not,” said Tokyo businesswoman Yoshiko Takahashi.