Iran nuclear programme talks at crunch time

Federica Mogherini with Mohammad Javad Zarif and Ali Akbar Salehi at Lausanne. Picture: AFP/Getty

With today’s target fast approaching, the top diplomats from the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, plus the EU, Germany and Iran were meeting to try to bridge remaining gaps and hammer out the framework deal that would be the basis for a final accord to be reached by the end of June.

US Secretary of State John Kerry and his Iranian counterpart, Mohammad Javad Zarif, have been meeting in the Swiss town of Lausanne since Thursday in an intense effort to reach a political understanding on terms that would curb Iran’s nuclear activities in exchange for sanctions relief.

Officials say the sides have made some progress, with Iran considering demands for further cuts to its uranium enrichment programme but pushing back on how long it must limit technology it could use to make atomic arms. In addition to sticking points on research and development, differences remain on the timing and scope of sanctions removal, the officials said.

And, in a sign that a deal was yesterday unlikely, Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov will leave the talks, just a day after arriving, to return to Moscow for previously planned meetings, according to his spokeswoman Maria Zarakhova. Mr Lavrov will return to Lausanne if there is a realistic chance for a deal, she said.

White House spokesman Josh Earnest said it was up to the Iranians to make the choice to accept what has been presented to them. By accepting the restrictions, the Iranians would “live up to their rhetoric that they are not trying to acquire a nuclear weapon,” he said in Washington on ABC TV’s This Week.

The Obama administration says any deal will stretch the time Iran needs to make a nuclear weapon from the present two to three months to at least a year. But critics question that, and say it would be flawed because it keeps Tehran’s nuclear technology intact.

Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, at the forefront of accusations that Iran helped Shiite rebels in Yemen, says the deal in the works sends the message that “there is a reward for Iran’s aggression”.

“But we do not shut our eyes, and we will continue to act against any threat,” he said – an allusion to Israeli warnings that it will use force as a last resort against Tehran’s nuclear programme.

The officials in Lausanne said the sides were advancing on limits to aspects of Iran’s programme to enrich uranium, which can be used to make the core of a nuclear warhead.

Tehran has said it is willing to address concerns about its stockpiles of enriched uranium, although it has denied that will involve shipping it out of the country, as some Western officials have said. One official said yesterday that Iran might deal with the issue by diluting its stocks to a level that would not be weapons grade.

A senior US State Department official said that shipping the stockpile is one of the “viable options that have been under discussion for months… but resolution is still being discussed.”

Uranium enrichment has been the chief concern in over more than a decade of international attempts to cap Iran’s nuclear programmes. But a Western official said the main obstacles to a deal were no longer enrichment-related but instead the type and length of restrictions on Tehran’s research and development of advanced centrifuges and the pace of sanctions-lifting.

Over the past weeks, Iran has moved from demanding that it be allowed to keep nearly 10,000 centrifuges enriching uranium, to agreeing to 6,000. The officials said Tehran now may be ready to accept even fewer. Tehran says it wants to enrich only for energy, science, industry and medicine. But many countries fear Iran could use the technology to make weapons-grade uranium.

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