The First Minister is due to take a 1,700-mile detour to call at the tropical island while on a trip to India later this year.
It follows a co-operation agreement signed between Scotland and the Maldives at the Copenhagen climate change summit last month. The Maldives is at serious risk from rising sea levels.
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Hide AdEdinburgh Central MSP Sarah Boyack, Labour's environment spokeswoman, said: "Alex Salmond needs to stop grandstanding overseas and get on with what he's paid to do here."
Tory MSP Gavin Brown added: "He would rather grandstand at the taxpayers' expense and grow his carbon footprint."