Newly discovered gene could explain how humans evolved from apes

SCOTS scientists have discovered a new gene which could help explain what makes us human.

The new gene found by researchers at the University of Edinburgh could help explain how humans evolved from apes.

Scientists say the gene – called miR-941 – appears to have played a crucial role in human brain development and may shed light on how we learned to use tools and language.

They say it is the first time that a new gene – carried only by humans and not by apes – has been shown to have a specific function within the human body.

The international team headed by the Univerisity of Edinburgh compared the human genome to eleven other species of mammals, including chimpanzees, gorillas, mice and rats, to find the differences between them.

The results, published in Nature Communications, showed that the gene – miR-941 – is unique to humans. The researchers say that it emerged between six and one million years ago, after humans had evolved from apes.

The gene is highly active in two areas of the brain that control our decision making and language abilities. The study suggests it could have a role in the advanced brain functions that make us human.

Researcher Dr Martin Taylor, who led the study at the Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, said: “As a species, humans are wonderfully inventive – we are socially and technologically evolving all the time.

“But this research shows that we are innovating at a genetic level too. This new molecule sprang from nowhere at a time when our species was undergoing dramatic changes: living longer, walking upright, learning how to use tools and how to communicate.

“We’re now hopeful that we will find more new genes that help show what makes us human.”

The team worked with scientists in China and Germany.

The study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Medical Research Council.