Genes breakthrough brings new hope for cancer victims

Published on Sunday 4 October 2009 22:15

PEOPLE suffering from a deadly family of cancers were given new hope today after scientists identified 231 previously unknown genes associated with the diseases.

Before the discovery, scientists only knew of 33 genes linked to head and neck cancer.

The new research is expected to open doors to diagnostic tests and treatments.

"These new genes should advance selection of head and neck-specific gene targets, opening the door to promising new molecular strategies for the early detection and treatment of head and neck cancer," said study leader Dr Maria Worsham.

"It also may offer the opportunity to help monitor disease progression and a patient's response to treatment."

The new research used a novel approach called "whole genome methylation" to detect altered genes.

DNA methylation is a type of chemical modification to DNA that affects gene activity.

The scientists analysed five DNA samples and focused on 1,043 potential cancer genes.

In total, they identified 231 new genes associated with head and neck cancer.

More than half were present in three or more of the DNA samples, and 20 per cent were found in all five samples.

The findings, by researchers at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, US, are to be presented today at a meeting of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Foundation in San Diego, California.

Dr Worsham added: "Abnormal methylation can result in shutting off or silencing gene function. However, treatment with more recent drugs can reverse abnormal DNA methylation patterns, reactivating silenced genes, and restoring normal gene function."

&#149 New radiotherapy technology can reduce the side effects of treating head and neck cancers, according to trial results presented at the National Cancer Research Institute meeting in Birmingham.

Patients given the more accurate treatment were 50 per cent less likely to suffer from dry mouth, caused by damage to the salivary glands. The condition can affect speaking, eating and oral health.