Syria: Funerals and Friday prayers re-ignite anti-Assad protests

Published on Friday 25 March 2011 15:06

Protests spread across Syria yesterday, challenging the rule of the Assad family after government forces killed dozens of demonstrators in the south.

In the southern city of Daraa, which has been in revolt for a week, gunfire and tear gas scattered a crowd of thousands after people lit a fire under a statue of late president Hafez al-Assad, whose son Bashar has ruled since his death in 2000.

Al-Jazeera aired comments by a man who said security forces had killed 20 people on Friday in the nearby town of Sanamein.

In Hama, in the centre of the country, where the elder Assad put down an Islamist revolt in 1982 at a cost of thousands of lives, residents said people streamed through the streets after weekly prayers chanting "Freedom is ringing out!" - a slogan heard in uprisings sweeping the Arab world.

The same chant had earlier marked funeral processions in Daraa for some of the around 37 people killed on Wednesday, when security agents attacked pro-democracy groups at a mosque.

In all, 44 deaths have been reported in the past week in Daraa.

Security men, on alert across the country during weekly prayers at mosques, quickly stifled a small demonstration in the capital, Damascus. They hauled away dozens among a crowd of some 200 who chanted their support for people of Daraa. In Tel, near Damascus, about 1,000 people rallied and chanted slogans calling relatives of Assad "thieves".

In Daraa itself, a bastion of the Sunni majority which resents the power and wealth amassed by the Alawite elite around Mr Assad, a correspondent saw thousands rally unchallenged until the sound of heavy gunfire sent them running for cover.

Unrest in Daraa came to a head this week after police detained more than a dozen schoolchildren for writing anti-government graffiti. In Damascus, a couple of protests by a few dozen people shouting slogans were broken up last week.

Among the targets of the crowd's anger on Friday was Maher al-Assad, a brother of the president and head of the Republican Guard, a special security force, and Rami Makhlouf, a cousin who runs big businesses and is accused by Washington of corruption.

Allied with Shiite, non-Arab Iran against the Western powers and neighbouring Israel, Mr Assad's Syria sits at the heart of a complex web of conflict in the Middle East.His anti-Israel stance has protected him against some of the criticism aimed, for example, at Egypt's deposed leader Hosni Mubarak, who defended a peace treaty with the Jewish state.

Demonstrators in Daraa turned that hostility to Israel against the government on Friday, highlighting the use of force against them and the failure of the Assads to take back the Golan Heights, which Israel captured in the 1967 war.

"Maher, you coward!" they chanted. "Send your troops to liberate the Golan!"

In Daraa, before the Friday midday prayers which are the high point of social interaction in much of the Arab world, a procession of cars coursed through the streets sounding horns and brandishing pictures of the president. There were also pro-Assad crowds in other parts of the city.

Minarets in Daraa echoed throughout the morning with the calls of imams to the faithful to attend funerals of some of the civilians killed, most of them when security forces fired on demonstrators in the mainly Sunni Muslim city on Wednesday.

A Facebook page called Syrian Revolution urged people to gather on the "Friday of Dignity" after prayers, "in all mosques, in all provinces, in the biggest squares".

Bashar al-Assad promised on Thursday to look into granting Syrians greater freedoms in an attempt to defuse the outbreak of popular demands for political freedoms and an end to corruption.

He also pledged to look at ending an emergency law in place since 1963 and made an offer of large public pay rises.

Syrian security forces pulled out on Thursday from the mosque where several people were killed. People later converged on the mosque to celebrate its "liberation", setting off fireworks and honking car horns.

As an aide announced Mr Assad would study a possible end to 48 years of emergency rule, a human rights group said a leading activist, Mazen Darwish, had been arrested.

On 31 January, Mr Assad had said there was no chance political upheavals then shaking Tunisia and Egypt would spread to Syria. His Baath Party, which has ruled Syria tightly since a 1963 coup, would draft laws to provide for media freedoms, and look at allowing other political movements, Mr Assad's aide said. The party would also seek to improve living standards.

Mr Assad, partly educated in London and whose wife is from Acton, has strengthened ties with Iran and faced criticism for his handling of the protests. The US condemned the "brutal" killing of protesters.