Nations plan tougher Antarctic tourist controls

Published on Saturday 12 December 2009 19:14

WHILE the media spotlight focuses on events in Denmark, countries that manage Antarctica are planning tough new controls to reduce the threat of human and environmental disasters posed by the rising number of visitors.

A new code will reduce the number of ships carrying tourists into the polar region by insisting all vessels have their hulls strengthened to withstand sea ice. Officials and ship operators said a ban on heavy fuel oil will effectively shut out big cruise ships.

Experts from among the 47 signatory nations to the Antarctic Treaty – the world's main tool for managing the continent – and the International Maritime Organisation discussed plans to impose a mandatory Polar Code to control all shipping in the region at a meeting in the New Zealand capital, Wellington.

The safeguards are seen as necessary to limit accidents in the region, where blinding sleet, fog, high winds and treacherous seas pose major dangers for ships and huge problems for rescuers located thousands of miles from remote Antarctic waters.

The code will cover vessel design, safety equipment, ship operations and crew training for ice navigation, meeting chairman and New Zealand Antarctic policy specialist Trevor Hughes said.

The draft of the Polar Code is expected to be completed by 2013, he added. Once approved, it would operate on a voluntary basis until it is ratified by treaty states and becomes legally binding.

While existing rules bar tourists or tour operators from leaving anything behind – like refuse or human waste – and require animal breeding grounds to be protected, there are no formal codes on the type of vessels that can use the waters or the fuel and other oil products they can carry.

In March, the International Maritime Organisation, the United Nations' shipping agency, is to ratify a ban on the carriage or use of heavy fuel oil in Antarctica. This will come into effect in 2011.

The moves follow a huge growth in tourist traffic as people flock to see the world's last great wilderness.

Annual tourist numbers have grown from about 10,000 a decade ago to 45,000 last year. Tourists can pay up to 14,000 for a trip. Some travel on ships carrying 3,000 passengers which also take many tons of heavy fuel oil, chemicals and rubbish that can pollute the region.

Nathan Russ, operations manager of Antarctic eco-tourism company Heritage Expeditions, said the proposed heavy fuel ban "will most likely regulate the biggest cruise ships out of Antarctic operations" because of the costs involved in switching to lighter fuel.

The Antarctic Treaty, first signed in 1959, is the main tool for regulating the world's only continent without a native human population. New Zealand is one of the 12 founding members, along with the US, Russia and Britain. The treaty now has 47 signatories.